As of 8:00 PM EST on September 27th, 2025, United Nations snapback sanctions against Iran have been completed, effectively ending the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), according to Jason M. Brodsky. Previous UN Security Council resolutions against Iran's regime have been restored, reinstating international arms embargoes, missile restrictions, travel bans, and asset freezes. The US position of zero enrichment in Iran is now once again endorsed by a UN Security Council Resolution. The immediate task ahead is the implementation and enforcement of these provisions. Brodsky anticipates continued diplomatic efforts, viewing them as a tool Iran's regime may use to counter the U.S. and its allies by creating the illusion of a durable settlement. He predicts Iran may suspend the Cairo Agreement with the IAEA and, while debates about exiting the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) may continue in parliament, an immediate withdrawal is not expected. Potential Iranian responses could include maritime provocations, increasing missile ranges, advancing its nuclear program, taking Western hostages, or continuing terror plots. However, Brodsky notes Iran faces diminishing options due to eroded military deterrence, renewed international sanctions, and the prospect of a more assertive U.S. president willing to use military force. Additionally, Israel's security doctrine has evolved, and it stands ready to strike if Iran attempts to rebuild its capabilities, compounded by Iran's ongoing economic, diplomatic, and energy crises.
